Typical examples of devices containing firmware are embedded systems (running embedded software), home and personal-use appliances, computers, and computer peripherals.įirmware is held in non-volatile memory devices such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory. For less complex devices, firmware may act as the device's complete operating system, performing all control, monitoring and data manipulation functions.
Firmware, such as the BIOS of a personal computer, may contain basic functions of a device, and may provide hardware abstraction services to higher-level software such as operating systems. In computing, firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for a device's specific hardware. Firmware is commonly stored in an EEPROM, which makes use of an I/O protocol such as SPI.
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